Flat Feet in Children: When to Worry and How Physiotherapy Can Correct It
- PHYSIO 360
- Oct 17
- 3 min read
INTRODUCTION
Flat feet, or pes planus, are a common condition in children where the arches of the feet appear lower than usual. While many children naturally have flexible flat feet in early years, persistent flat feet can lead to discomfort, poor posture, and difficulties in walking or running. At Physio360 Chennai, our pediatric physiotherapy team specializes in early identification, functional assessment, and corrective interventions for flat feet, ensuring healthy foot development and overall mobility.
What are Flat Feet in Children?
Flat feet can be classified as:
Flexible Flat Feet – The arch is visible when the child stands on tiptoes, but flattens when standing normally.
Rigid Flat Feet – The arch remains flat regardless of position; often associated with structural issues.
Symptoms to Watch For:
Pain or fatigue in the feet, ankles, or lower legs.
Difficulty walking or running for long periods.
Uneven wear on shoes.
In-toeing (feet pointing inward).
Poor balance or frequent tripping.
Many children have flexible flat feet and grow out of it by age 6–7. However, persistent symptoms or rigid flat feet need professional evaluation.
Causes of Flat Feet in Children
Genetic factors – Flat feet often run in families.
Ligament laxity – Loose ligaments can reduce the arch height.
Neuromuscular conditions – Cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy.
Injury or trauma – Damage to tendons or ligaments supporting the arch.
Obesity – Extra weight can flatten the arch temporarily.
Why Flat Feet Can Be a Concern
While many children with flexible flat feet are asymptomatic, untreated flat feet can sometimes lead to:
Altered gait mechanics – Changes in walking and running patterns.
Postural issues – Knee, hip, or lower back strain over time.
Pain or discomfort – Especially after physical activity.
Early fatigue – Reduced endurance in sports or play.
Early detection and physiotherapy intervention can prevent long-term complications and improve function, balance, and strength.
How Physiotherapy Can Help
At Physio360 Chennai, pediatric physiotherapy for flat feet focuses on strengthening, stretching, and functional correction.
1. Foot and Arch Strengthening Exercises
Towel curls: Picking up a towel with toes to strengthen intrinsic foot muscles.
Marble pickup: Picking up marbles with toes to improve dexterity and arch support.
Heel raises / calf raises: Strengthen calves and support arch elevation.
Short foot exercise: Pulling the ball of the foot toward the heel while keeping toes on the ground.
2. Stretching Tight Muscles
Achilles tendon stretch: Tight heel cords can worsen flat feet.
Plantar fascia stretch: Helps reduce foot fatigue and discomfort.
3. Balance and Proprioception Training
Standing on one leg.
Walking on toes or heels.
Balance board exercises.
These exercises train muscles and ligaments to support the foot arch during daily activities.
4. Posture and Gait Correction
Assessment of walking and running patterns.
Guidance on proper footwear and in-shoe orthotics if needed.
Education for parents on home exercises and monitoring.
When to Seek Professional Help
Consult a pediatric physiotherapist if your child:
Experiences pain or discomfort in feet, ankles, knees, or back.
Has difficulty walking or running.
Shows uneven shoe wear or altered walking patterns.
Has flat feet that persist beyond age 6–7.
Has a family history of structural foot problems.
Early intervention is crucial in preventing long-term complications and promoting healthy foot development.
Why Choose Physio360 Chennai?
At Physio360, our pediatric physiotherapy services are designed to:
✅ Assess foot structure, posture, and gait in children.
✅ Provide individualized exercise programs for flat feet correction.
✅ Integrate strength, flexibility, and functional training for optimal results.
✅ Monitor progress and guide parents on home-based care.
✅ Ensure children regain confidence, comfort, and mobility.
Conclusion
Flat feet in children are common, but persistent or symptomatic flat feet require attention. Physiotherapy offers a safe, non-invasive, and effective way to strengthen foot muscles, correct posture, improve balance, and enhance overall function.
With early intervention at Physio360 Chennai, children can experience pain-free movement, improved posture, and an active lifestyle, thereby preventing future complications and promoting long-term musculoskeletal health.
References
Staheli LT. “Flat Feet in Children: Diagnosis and Treatment.” J Pediatr Orthop. 2016;36(5):S37–S39.
Pfeiffer M, et al. “Prevalence of flat foot in preschool-aged children.” Pediatrics. 2006;118:e382–e389.
Kothari A, et al. “Role of physiotherapy in pediatric flatfoot management.” Indian J Physiother Occup Ther. 2020;14(1):45–50.
American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). “Pediatric Physical Therapy: Foot and Ankle.” Available at: https://www.apta.org
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